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来源：一分快32024-05-20 17:48

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经济日报金观平：保持物价平稳具有坚实基础******

　　保持物价平稳具有坚实基础

　　金观平

　　国际货币基金组织(IMF)发布的最新《世界经济展望报告》认为，全球高通胀今年有望缓解，预计今年通胀率将从去年的8.8%下降至6.6%。

　　回看2022年，“国际胀”与“国内稳”形成鲜明反差。我国高度重视粮食、能源安全，高度重视重要民生商品和大宗商品保供稳价，在全球通胀屡创新高的背景下，我国居民消费价格指数单月涨幅始终运行在3%以下，全年上涨2%，大幅低于美欧等发达经济体8%左右的涨幅，也明显低于印度、巴西、南非等新兴经济体。物价稳，为稳经济、保民生提供了有力支撑。

　　中央经济工作会议强调，要突出做好稳增长、稳就业、稳物价工作，有效防范化解重大风险，推动经济运行整体好转。展望2023年，我国物价保持平稳运行具有坚实基础。

　　我国经济长期向好的基本面没有变，具有产业体系完备、市场空间大、政策工具箱丰富的优势，特别是粮食生产连续丰收，生猪产能合理充裕，工业品和服务业供给充足，基础能源保障有力，国民经济循环更加畅通，有条件、有能力、有信心继续保持物价平稳运行。同时，我国坚持稳健货币政策，坚决不搞“大水漫灌”，为保持物价稳定营造了良好的货币金融环境。

　　面对严峻复杂的国内外形势，我国持续创新物价调控机制，不断完善稳物价制度体系，实现了有效市场和有为政府的更好结合。目前，全社会商品和服务价格市场化程度已达97.5%，各地区各部门坚持充分发挥市场机制作用，引导扩大生产、增加供应、促进流通。同时，更好发挥政府作用，全面加强粮食、蔬菜、能源等产供储销体系建设，健全价格监测预警机制，完善储备调节制度，强化市场监管，稳定市场预期。

　　保持物价稳定，事关千家万户切身利益，事关经济社会发展大局。2023年，全球经济复苏之路依然崎岖，我国经济恢复的基础尚不牢固，影响国内物价走势的不确定不稳定因素仍然较多。当前，全球通胀形势虽有改善，但抑制通胀仍需时间。IMF预计，即使到2024年，仍将有82%和86%的经济体整体通胀率和核心通胀率高于疫情前水平。中国经济已深度融入世界经济，国际高通胀容易通过生产、流通等多个环节向国内传导。此外，国内疫情防控措施优化后消费需求加快恢复，也可能短期加大结构性通胀压力。因此，防通胀这根弦始终不能放松。

　　巩固来之不易的物价稳定成果，一方面，要继续全力做好粮油肉蛋奶果蔬等重要民生商品和能源资源的保供稳价工作，确保粮食稳产和能源稳定供应，夯实稳物价和保障发展的基础。另一方面，要密切跟踪物价总水平和重要商品价格变化，加强价格监测预测预警，采取前瞻性措施应对可能出现的价格异常波动。落实社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩联动机制，及时有效缓解结构性物价上涨给部分困难群众带来的影响。

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.